What is the first line treatment for Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice)?

The first-line treatment for Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) is permethrin 1% shampoo. Permethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that works by disrupting the nervous system of the lice, leading to their paralysis and death. It is specifically formulated for lice treatment and has been shown to be effective in eliminating adult lice as well as some nits (eggs). Its safety profile also makes it appropriate for use in children, which is important given the commonality of head lice infestations in this population.

Other treatment options, while they may have some efficacy, are not considered first-line for various reasons. Hydrocortisone lotion is primarily used to reduce inflammation and itching caused by allergic reactions or skin irritations, but it does not target the lice themselves. Oral antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and have no effect on parasites like lice. Natural oils may offer some level of efficacy, but they lack the proven effectiveness and reliability that permethrin carries as a standard treatment endorsed by health organizations.

Overall, permethrin 1% shampoo is the recommended and most effective choice for treating head lice infestations.