For mild to moderate Histoplasmosis, what is the preferred treatment?

In cases of mild to moderate Histoplasmosis, the preferred treatment is Itraconazole. This antifungal medication is effective due to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes, which ultimately leads to cell death.

Itraconazole is favored for treating mild to moderate Histoplasmosis because it has a favorable safety profile and is well-absorbed orally, making it convenient for outpatient management. It can effectively resolve symptoms associated with this infection and is generally well tolerated by patients.

Other treatments like Amphotericin B are typically reserved for more severe cases or for patients with compromised immune systems due to its potential for significant side effects and the need for intravenous administration. Flucytosine can be used in combination with other antifungals but is not a first-line treatment by itself, and IV Echinocandins are also not indicated for Histoplasmosis. Therefore, Itraconazole stands out as the most appropriate option for mild to moderate cases of this disease.